01. Sanin hanyar sufuri
"Ya zama dole a fahimci hanyar sufurin teku."Misali, zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Turai, kodayake yawancin kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki suna da bambanci tsakanin tashoshin jiragen ruwa na yau da kullun da tashoshi marasa tushe, bambancin farashin kaya ya kasance aƙalla tsakanin dalar Amurka 100-200.Koyaya, rabon kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki daban-daban zai bambanta.Sanin rabe-raben kamfanoni daban-daban na iya samun nauyin jigilar kayayyaki na tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ta hanyar zabar kamfanin sufuri.
Ga wani misali, akwai hanyoyin sufuri guda biyu don tashar jiragen ruwa a gabar tekun gabashin Amurka: cikakken hanyar ruwa da gadar kasa, kuma bambancin farashin da ke tsakanin su biyun yana da dala dari da yawa.Idan ba ku cika jadawalin jigilar kayayyaki ba, zaku iya tambayar kamfanin jigilar kaya don cikakken hanyar ruwa.
02. A hankali tsara jigilar tafiya ta farko
Akwai farashi daban-daban ga masu kaya a cikin babban yankin don zaɓar hanyoyin sufuri na cikin gida daban-daban."Gaba ɗaya, farashin sufurin jirgin ƙasa shine mafi arha, amma hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki da ɗaukar kaya suna da rikitarwa, kuma ya dace da oda tare da adadi mai yawa da ɗan gajeren lokacin isarwa, jigilar manyan motoci shine mafi sauƙi, lokacin yana da sauri. kuma farashin ya dan fi tsada fiye da jigilar jirgin kasa.""Hanyar da ta fi tsada ita ce ɗaukar kwantena kai tsaye a cikin masana'anta ko ɗakin ajiya, wanda kawai ya dace da waɗannan abubuwa masu rauni waɗanda ba su dace da ɗaukar kaya da yawa ba. Gaba ɗaya, yana da kyau kada a yi amfani da wannan hanyar."
A ƙarƙashin yanayin FOB, ya kuma haɗa da tsarin sufuri na ƙafar farko kafin jigilar kaya.Mutane da yawa sun sami irin wannan kwarewa mara kyau: a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan FOB, cajin da aka riga aka yi na jigilar kaya yana da rikicewa kuma ba su da dokoki.Domin shi ne kamfanin jigilar kayayyaki da mai siye ya keɓe don tafiya ta biyu, mai jigilar kayayyaki ba shi da wani zaɓi.
Kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki daban-daban suna da bayani daban-daban akan wannan.Wasu suna buƙatar mai shi ya biya duk kuɗin da aka kashe kafin jigilar kaya: kuɗin tattara kaya, kuɗin doki, kuɗin tirela;wasu kawai suna buƙatar biyan kuɗin tirela daga sito zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa;wasu suna buƙatar ƙarin ƙarin kuɗi daban-daban akan kuɗin tirela gwargwadon wurin da aka ajiye..Wannan cajin sau da yawa ya wuce kasafin kuɗi na farashin kaya lokacin da ake faɗa a lokacin.
Magani shine tabbatarwa tare da abokin ciniki wurin farawa na farashin bangarorin biyu a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan FOB.Mai jigilar kaya gabaɗaya zai nace cewa alhakin isar da kayan zuwa sito ya ƙare.Dangane da kudin ja daga sito zuwa tasha, kudin tasha, da dai sauransu duk an hada su a cikin jigilar ruwa na tafiya ta biyu kuma wanda aka biya.
Sabili da haka, da farko, lokacin yin shawarwarin oda, yi ƙoƙarin yin yarjejeniya kan sharuɗɗan CIF, don yunƙurin tsarin sufuri ya kasance a hannunku;Na biyu, idan har da gaske yarjejeniyar ta kasance akan sharuɗɗan FOB, zai tuntuɓi kamfanin sufuri da mai siye ya tsara a gaba, Tabbatar da duk farashin a rubuce.Dalilin haka shi ne na farko don hana kamfanonin sufuri yin ƙarin caji bayan an aika da kayan;na biyu, idan akwai wani abu mai ban tsoro a tsakiya, zai sake tattaunawa da mai siyan kuma ya nemi ya canza kamfanin sufuri ko kuma ya nemi mai siyan ya ɗauki wasu ayyukan cajin.
03. Haɗin kai da kyau tare da kamfanin sufuri
Kayayyakin yana adana kayan da yawa, kuma yana da matukar muhimmanci a fahimci tsarin aiki na kamfanin sufuri.Idan sun shirya bisa ga buƙatun mai jigilar kaya, ƙungiyoyin biyu suna yin haɗin gwiwa cikin hankali, ba wai kawai za su iya adana wasu kuɗaɗen da ba dole ba, amma kuma na iya yin jigilar kayayyaki da wuri-wuri.To, waɗanne abubuwa ne waɗannan buƙatun suke nufi?
Na farko, ana fatan mai aikawa zai iya yin ajiyar wuri a gaba kuma ya shirya kayan cikin lokaci.Kada ku yi gaggawar ba da oda kwana ɗaya ko biyu kafin ranar da za a yanke jadawalin jigilar kaya, kuma ku sanar da kamfanin sufuri bayan kai kayan zuwa sito ko tashar jirgin ruwa da kanku.Ƙwararrun masu jigilar kaya sun san hanyoyin tafiyar da su kuma gabaɗaya ba su sani ba.Ya gabatar da cewa tsarin jigilar kayayyaki na yau da kullun shine sau ɗaya a mako, kuma mai kayan ya kamata ya yi ajiyar wuri a gaba sannan ya shiga cikin ma'ajin bisa ga lokacin da kamfanin sufuri ya tsara.Ba shi da kyau a kai kayan da wuri ko latti.Domin kwanan watan da aka yanke na jirgin da ya gabata bai dace ba, idan aka dage shi zuwa jirgi na gaba, za a biya kudin ajiyar da ya wuce.
Na biyu, ko sanarwar kwastam ta yi santsi ko a’a tana da alaka kai tsaye da batun tsadar kayayyaki.Wannan ya bayyana musamman a tashar jiragen ruwa na Shenzhen.Misali, idan ana jigilar kayan zuwa Hong Kong ta tashar jiragen ruwa kamar Man Kam To ko Huanggang Port don kama jadawalin jigilar kayayyaki na biyu, idan ba a ba da izinin kwastam a ranar sanarwar kwastam ba, kamfanin jigilar manyan motoci shi kadai zai iya. 3,000 Hong Kong dollar.Idan tirelar ita ce ranar ƙarshe na kama jirgin na biyu daga Hong Kong, kuma idan ta gaza cika jadawalin jigilar kayayyaki saboda jinkirin sanarwar kwastam, to kuɗin ajiyar kuɗin da aka jinkirtar a tashar Hong Kong zai yi yawa sosai idan ya tashi. Ana aika zuwa jirgin ruwa washegari don kama jirgin na gaba.lamba.
Na uku, dole ne a canza takaddun sanarwar kwastam bayan ainihin yanayin tattara kaya ya canza.Kowace kwastam tana da binciken kayan yau da kullun.Idan hukumar kwastan ta gano cewa ainihin adadin bai dace da adadin da aka bayyana ba, za ta tsare kayan don bincike.Ba wai kawai za a sami kudaden dubawa da kudaden ajiyar tashar jiragen ruwa ba, amma tarar da hukumar kwastam za ta yi ba shakka za ta sa ka ji bakin ciki na dogon lokaci.
04. Daidai zaɓi kamfanin jigilar kaya da mai jigilar kaya
Yanzu duk shahararrun kamfanonin sufurin jiragen ruwa na duniya sun sauka a kasar Sin, kuma dukkan manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa suna da ofisoshinsu.Tabbas, akwai fa'idodi da yawa don yin kasuwanci tare da waɗannan masu mallakar jiragen ruwa: ƙarfinsu yana da ƙarfi, sabis ɗin su yana da kyau, kuma ana daidaita ayyukansu. Duk da haka, idan ba ku da babban mai kaya ba kuma ba za ku iya samun ƙimar jigilar kaya ba daga gare su, ku. Hakanan za'a iya samun wasu masu matsakaicin girman masu jirgin ruwa ko masu jigilar kaya
Ga masu kananan kaya da matsakaita, farashin manyan masu jirgin ruwa ya yi tsada sosai.Kodayake ambaton yana da ƙasa don mai jigilar kaya wanda ya yi ƙanƙanta, yana da wahala a ba da garantin sabis ɗin saboda ƙarancin ƙarfinsa.Bugu da kari, babu ofisoshi da yawa a yankin babban kamfanin jigilar kayayyaki, don haka ya zabi wasu matsakaitan masu jigilar kayayyaki.Na farko, farashin yana da ma'ana, kuma na biyu, haɗin gwiwar ya fi tacit bayan haɗin gwiwa na dogon lokaci.
Bayan yin aiki tare da waɗannan matsakaitan masu turawa na dogon lokaci, za ku iya samun jigilar kaya kaɗan.Wasu masu jigilar kaya za su sanar da farashin tushe, da ɗan riba kaɗan, a matsayin farashin siyar da mai jigilar kaya.A cikin kasuwar jigilar kaya, kamfanoni daban-daban na jigilar kaya ko masu jigilar kaya suna da nasu fa'ida akan hanyoyi daban-daban.Nemo kamfani wanda ke da fa'ida wajen gudanar da wata hanya, ba wai kawai jadawalin jigilar kaya zai kasance kusa ba, amma farashin kayan su gabaɗaya ya fi arha a kasuwa.
Don haka, ana ba da shawarar cewa ku rarraba bisa ga kasuwar fitarwa ta ku.Misali, kayayyakin da ake fitarwa zuwa Amurka ana mikawa wani kamfani, sannan a mika kayan da ake fitarwa zuwa Turai ga wani kamfani.Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar samun takamaiman fahimtar kasuwar jigilar kaya.
05. Koyi yin ciniki da kamfanonin jigilar kaya
Komai furucin da kamfanin jigilar kaya ko ma'aikatan kasuwanci na mai jigilar kaya suka gabatar lokacin neman kaya shine mafi girman farashin kaya na kamfanin, rangwamen da zaku samu akan farashin kayan ya dogara da karfin ku na yin ciniki.
Gabaɗaya magana, kafin karɓar kuɗin jigilar kayayyaki na kamfani, zaku iya bincika tare da kamfanoni da yawa don fahimtar ainihin yanayin kasuwa.Rangwamen da za a iya samu daga mai jigilar kaya kusan kusan dalar Amurka 50 ne.Daga lissafin kudin da mai jigilar kaya ya bayar, za mu iya sanin wane kamfani ya zauna da shi.Lokaci na gaba, zai sami wannan kamfani kai tsaye kuma ya sami ƙimar jigilar kaya kai tsaye.
Ƙwarewar ciniki tare da kamfanin jigilar kaya sun haɗa da:
1. Idan da gaske kai babban abokin ciniki ne, za ka iya kai tsaye sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da shi kuma ka nemi farashin kayan da aka fi so.
2. Nemo farashin kaya daban-daban da aka samu ta hanyar bayyana sunayen kaya daban-daban.Yawancin kamfanonin jigilar kaya suna caji daban don kaya.Wasu kayayyaki na iya samun hanyoyin rarrabuwa daban-daban.Misali, ana iya bayar da rahoton citric acid a matsayin abinci, domin danyen abu ne na yin abin sha, kuma ana iya ba da rahotonsa a matsayin danyen sinadari.Bambancin farashin kaya tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan kayayyaki biyu na iya kai dalar Amurka 200.
3. Idan ba ku da gaggawa, za ku iya zaɓar jirgi mai jinkirin ko jirgin da ba kai tsaye ba.Tabbas, wannan dole ne ya kasance ƙarƙashin yanayin rashin tasirin isowar akan lokaci.Farashin kaya a cikin kasuwar jigilar kayayyaki na teku yana canzawa lokaci zuwa lokaci, yana da kyau a sami wasu bayanai game da wannan da kanka.Masu siyarwa kaɗan ne za su ɗauki yunƙurin sanar da ku game da rage kayan.Tabbas, ba za su kasa gaya muku lokacin da farashin jigilar kaya ya hauhawa ba.Bugu da ƙari, a cikin ma'aikatan kasuwancin da kuka saba da su, ya kamata ku kuma kula da "sanin" na ɗayan ɓangaren dangane da farashin kaya.
06. Ƙwarewar sarrafa kayan LCL
Hanyar sufuri na LCL ya fi na FCL rikitarwa, kuma jigilar kaya yana da sauƙi.Akwai kamfanonin jigilar kaya da yawa waɗanda ke yin FCL, kuma farashin zai kasance a bayyane a cikin kasuwar jigilar kaya.Tabbas, LCL shima yana da farashin kasuwa a buɗe, amma ƙarin cajin kamfanonin sufuri daban-daban sun bambanta sosai, don haka farashin kaya akan jerin farashin kamfanin sufuri zai kasance wani ɓangare na cajin ƙarshe.
Abin da ya dace shi ne, da farko, tabbatar da duk abubuwan da aka caje a rubuce don ganin ko ƙididdige su akan farashi mai dunƙule ne, don hana mai ɗaukar hoto ɗaukar mataki daga baya.Na biyu, shi ne a lissafta nauyi da girman kayan a fili don hana su takurawa.
Ko da yake wasu kamfanonin sufuri suna ba da ƙananan farashi, sau da yawa suna ƙara farashin a ɓarna ta hanyar ƙara girman nauyin nauyi ko girman girman.Na uku, shine samun kamfani wanda ya ƙware a LCL.Irin wannan kamfani yana hada kwantena kai tsaye, kuma kayan dakon kaya da kari da suke karba sun yi kasa da na tsaka-tsakin kamfanoni.
Komai a kowane lokaci, ba shi da sauƙi a sami kowane dinari.Ina fatan kowa zai iya yin ajiyar kuɗi da yawa akan sufuri kuma ya ƙara riba.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-07-2023
